Nine Pandora Spectrometer Instruments (PSI) were installed at 8 sites in South Korea as part of the KORUS-AQ (Korea U.S.-Air Quality) field study integrating information from ground, aircraft, and satellite measurements for air-quality studies. The PSI made direct-sun measurements of total vertical column NO<sub>2</sub>, C(NO<sub>2</sub>), with high precision (0.05 DU, where 1 DU = 2.69 × 10<sup>16</sup> molecules/cm<sup>2</sup>) and accuracy (0.1 DU) that were retrieved using spectral fitting techniques. Retrieval of Formaldehyde (HCHO) total column amounts were also obtained at five sites using the recently improved PSI. The retrievals have with high precision, but possibly lower accuracy than for NO<sub>2</sub> because of uncertainty about the optimum spectral window for all ground-based and satellite instruments. PSI direct-sun retrieved values of C(NO<sub>2</sub>) and C(HCHO) are always significantly larger than OMI retrieved C(NO<sub>2</sub>) and C(HCHO) for the OMI overpass times (13.5 ± 0.5 hours). In urban areas, PSI C(NO<sub>2</sub>) averages are at least a factor of two larger than OMI averages. Similar differences are seen for C(HCHO) in Seoul and nearby surrounding areas. Late afternoon values of C(HCHO) measured by PSI are even larger, implying that OMI early afternoon measurements underestimate the effect of poor air quality on human health. The primary cause of the OMI underestimate is the large OMI field of view FOV that includes regions containing low values of pollutants. In relatively clean areas, PSI and OMI are more closely in agreement. C(HCHO) amounts were obtained for five sites, Yonsei University in Seoul, Olympic Park, Taehwa Mtn., Amnyeondo, and Yeoju. Of these the largest amounts of C(HCHO) were observed at Olympic Park and Taehwa Mountain, surrounded by significant amounts of vegetation. Comparisons of PSI C(HCHO) results were made with the Compact Atmospheric Multispecies Spectrometer CAMS during overflights on the DC-8 aircraft for Taehwa Mtn and Olympic Park. In all cases, PSI measured substantially more C(HCHO) than obtained from integrating the CAMS altitude profiles. PSI C(HCHO) at Yonsei University in Seoul frequently reached 0.6 DU and occasionally exceeded 1.5 DU. The semi-rural site, Mt. Taehwa, frequently reached 0.9 DU and occasionally exceeded 1.5 DU. Even at the cleanest site, Amnyeondo, HCHO occasionally exceeded 1 DU.