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www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/5/271/2012/
doi:10.5194/amtd-5-271-2012
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PHOCUS radiometer
1Group for Advanced Receiver Development, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
2Global Environmental Measurements and Modelling, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Abstract. PHOCUS – Particles, Hydrogen and Oxygen Chemistry in the Upper Summer Mesosphere is a Swedish sounding rocket experiment, launched in July 2011, with the main goal of investigating the upper atmosphere in the altitude range 50–110 km. This paper describes the SondRad instrument in the PHOCUS payload, the radiometer comprising two frequency channels, 183 GHz and 557 GHz, aimed at exploring the water vapour concentration distribution in connection with the appearance of noctilucent (night shining) clouds. The design of the radiometer system has been done in a collaboration between Omnisys Instruments AB and the Group for Advanced Receiver Development (GARD) at Chalmers University of Technology where Omnisys was responsible for the overall design, implementation, and verification of the radiometers and backend whereas GARD was responsible for the radiometer optics and calibration systems.
The SondRad instrument covers the water absorption lines at 183 GHz and 557 GHz. The 183 GHz channel is a side-looking radiometer while the 557 GHz radiometer is placed along the rocket axis looking in the forward direction. Both channels employ sub-harmonically pumped Schottky mixers and FFT spectrometer backends with 67 kHz resolution.
The radiometers include novel calibration systems specifically adjusted for use with each frequency channel. The 183 GHz channel employs a CW-pilot signal calibrating the entire receiving chain while the IF-chain of the 557 GHz channel is calibrated by injecting a signal from a reference noise source through a directional coupler.
The instrument collected complete spectra for both the 183 GHz and the 557 GHz with 300 Hz data rate for the 183 GHz channel and 10 Hz data rate for the 557 GHz channel for about 60 s reaching the apogee of the flight trajectory and 100 s after that. With lossless data compression using variable resolution over the spectrum, the data set was reduced to 2 × 12 MByte.
The first results indicate that the instrument has successfully performed measurements of the mesospheric water profile as planned. However, the temperature environment for the instruments showed more extreme behaviour than expected and accounted for. Consequently the results of the calibration and the final data reduction will need careful treatment. Further, simulations through FEM modelling and direct measurements of the simulated thermal environment and its impact on the instrument performance are described, as well as suggestions for improvements in the design for future flights.
Discussion Paper (PDF, 7957 KB) Interactive Discussion (Final Response, 3 Comments) Manuscript under review for AMT
Citation: Nyström, O., Murtagh, D., and Belitsky, V.: PHOCUS radiometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 271-323, doi:10.5194/amtd-5-271-2012, 2012. Bibtex EndNote Reference Manager XML
