Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net 1867-8610 3 1 2010 10.5194/amtd-3-55-2010 http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/55/2010/ http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/55/2010/amtd-3-55-2010.html http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/55/2010/amtd-3-55-2010.pdf 55 110 2010-01-07 A remote sensing technique for global monitoring of power plant CO₂ emissions from space and related applications H. Bovensmann M. Buchwitz michael.buchwitz@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de J. P. Burrows M. Reuter T. Krings K. Gerilowski O. Schneising J. Heymann A. Tretner J. Erzinger Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Otto Hahn Allee 1, 28334 Bremen, Germany Helmholtz Centre Potsdam – GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas causing global warming. The atmospheric CO₂ concentration increased by more than 30% since pre-industrial times – primarily due to burning of fossil fuels – and still continues to increase. Reporting of CO₂ emissions is required by the Kyoto protocol. Independent verification of reported emissions, which are typially not directly measured, by methods such as inverse modeling of measured atmospheric CO₂ concentrations is currently not possible globally due to lack of appropriate observations. Existing greenhouse gas observing satellites such as SCIAMACHY and GOSAT focus on advancing our understanding of natural CO₂ sources and sinks. The obvious next step for future generation satellites is to also measure anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. Here we present a promising satellite remote sensing technology based on spectroscopic measurements of reflected solar radiation in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions and show, using power plants as an example, that strong localized CO₂ point sources can be detected and their emissions quantified. This requires mapping the CO₂ column distribution at a spatial resolution of 2×2 km² or better with a precision of about 0.5% (2 ppm) or better of the background column. We indicate that this can be achieved with existing technology. For a single satellite in sun-synchronous orbit with an across-track swath width of 500 km each power plant is overflown every 6 days or faster. Based on clear sky statistics we conservatively estimate that about one useful measurement per 1–2 months for a given power plant can typically be achieved. We found that the uncertainty of the retrieved power plant CO₂ emission during a single satellite overpass is in the range 0.5–5 MtCO₂/year – depending on observation conditions – which is about 2–20% of the CO₂ emission of large power plants (25 Mt CO₂/year). The investigated instrument aims at fulfilling all requirements for global regional-scale CO₂ and CH₄ surface flux inverse modeling. Using a significantly less demanding instrument concept based on a single SWIR channel we indicate that this also enables the monitoring of power plant CO₂ emissions in addition to high-quality methane retrievals. The latter has already been demonstrated by SCIAMACHY. The discussed technology has the potential to significantly contribute to an independent verification of reported anthropogenic CO₂ emissions and therefore could be an important component of a future global anthropogenic CO₂ emission monitoring system. 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