Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net
1867-8610
3
1
2010
10.5194/amtd-3-469-2010
http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/469/2010/
http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/469/2010/amtd-3-469-2010.html
http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/469/2010/amtd-3-469-2010.pdf
469
499
2010-02-11
Auto MAX-DOAS measurements around entire cities: quantification of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from the cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen (Germany)
O. Ibrahim
R. Shaiganfar
R. Sinreich
T. Stein
U. Platt
T. Wagner
thomas.wagner@mpch-mainz.mpg.de
Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
now at: University of Colorado at Boulder, USA
now at: Ernst & Young, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
We present Auto Multi-Axis (MAX-) DOAS observations of tropospheric
NO<sub>2</sub> carried out on circles around the cities of Mannheim and
Ludwigshafen (Germany) on 24 August 2006. Together with information on wind
speed and direction, the total emissions of the encircled source(s) can be
quantified from these measurements. In contrast to recent similar studies
based on of zenith scattered sun light (elevation angle of 90°), we
use a MAX-DOAS instrument mounted on a car, which observes scattered sun
light under different elevation angles (here 45°, and 90°).
Compared to simple zenith sky observations, MAX-DOAS observations have higher
sensitivity and avoid systematic offsets in the determination of the
vertically integrated trace gas concentration. Auto MAX-DOAS observations are
especially well suited for the determination of the total emission of
extended emission sources (e.g. whole cities), for which typically no
sharply defined plumes are formed. In such cases, the trace gas
concentrations can be rather small and thus even small systematic offsets in
the observed integrated tropospheric trace gas concentration can have a large
effect on the determined total emissions. However, such measurements are
still affected by several uncertainties which need to be further investigated
and minimised. The largest error source is probably the variability and
imperfect knowledge of the wind field. In addition – depending on the trace
species observed – also chemical transformations between the emission
sources and the measurement location have to be considered. In this study we
use local observations within the encircled area to quantify and correct
these errors. From our observations we derive a total NO<sub>x</sub> emission
from the Mannheim/Ludwigshafen area of
(7.2±1.7)×10<sup>24</sup> molecules/s (or 17350±4100 t,
calculated with the mass of NO<sub>2</sub>), which is in surprisingly good
agreement with existing emission estimates.
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