Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net
1867-8610
3
4
2010
10.5194/amtd-3-3345-2010
http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/3345/2010/
http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/3345/2010/amtd-3-3345-2010.html
http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/3345/2010/amtd-3-3345-2010.pdf
3345
3381
2010-08-09
Quantitative and enantioselective analysis of monoterpenes from plant chambers and in ambient air using SPME
N. Yassaa
nyassaa@usthb.dz
T. Custer
W. Song
F. Pech
J. Kesselmeier
J. Williams
Air Chemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, J.J. Becher Weg 27, 55020 Mainz, Germany
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, U.S.T.H.B., B.P. 32 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
Biogeochemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, J.J. Becher Weg 27, 55020 Mainz, Germany
A solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS) system has been developed for quantifying
enantiomeric and nonenantiomeric monoterpenes in plant chamber studies
and ambient air. Performance of this system was checked using
a capillary diffusion system to produce monoterpene standards. The
adsorption efficiency, competitive adsorption and chromatographic
peak resolution of monoterpene enantiomer pairs were compared
for three SPME fibre coatings: 75 μm Carboxen-PDMS
(CAR-PDMS), 50/30 μm,
divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS)
and 65 μm divinylbenzene-polydimethyl-siloxane
(DVB-PDMS). Key parameters such as the linearity and reproducibility
of the SPME system have been investigated in this work. The best
compromise between the enantiomeric separation of monoterpenes and
competitive adsorption of the isoprenoids on the solid SPME fibre
coating was found for DVB-PDMS fibres. The optimum conditions using
DVB-PDMS fibres were applied to measure the exchange rates of
monoterpenes in the emission of <i>Quercus ilex</i> using
a laboratory whole plant enclosure under light and dark conditions, as
well as in ambient air. With 592 and 223 ng m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>,
respectively, β-myrcene and limonene were the predominant
monoterpenes in the emission of <i>Q. ilex</i>. These values were
closely comparable to those obtained using a zNose and cartridge
GC-FID systems.
Arimura,~G., Kost,~C., and Boland,~W.: Herbivore-induced, indirect plant defences, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1734, 91–111, 2005.
Baldwin,~I T., Halitschke,~R., Paschold,~A., von Dahl,~C C., and Preston,~C A.: Volatile signaling in plant-plant interactions: \quttalking trees in the genomics era, Science, 311, 812–815, 2006.
Baker,~B. and Sinnott,~M.: Analysis of sesquiterpene emissions by plants using solid phase microextraction, J Chromatogr A, 1216, 8442–8451, 2009.
Bicchi,~C., Drigo,~S., and Rubiolo,~P.: Influence of fibre coating in the headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic and medicinal plants, J Chromatogr A, 892, 469–485, 2000.
Blake,~R S., Monks,~P S., and Ellis,~A M.: Proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry, Chem. Rev., 109, 861–896, \doi10.1021/cr800364q, 2009.
Croteau,~R.: Biosynthesis and catabolism of monoterpenoids, Chem. Rev., 87, 929–954, 1987.
Guenther,~A., Hewitt,~C N., Erickson,~D., Fall,~R., Geron,~C., Graedel,~T., Harley,~P., Klinger,~L., Lerdau,~M., Mckay,~W A., Pierce,~T., Scholes,~B., Steinbrecher,~R., Tallamraju,~R., Taylor,~J., and Zimmerman,~P.: A~global-model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, J Geophys. Res., 100, 8873–8892, 1995.
Helmig,~D., Revermann,~T., Pollmann,~J., Kaltschmidt,~O., Hernandex,~A J., Bocquet,~F., and David,~D.: Calibration system and analytical considerations for quantitative sesquiterpene measurements in air, J Chromatogr A, 1002, 193–211, 2003.
Kesselmeier,~J., Meixner,~F X., Hofmann,~U., Ajavon,~A.-L., Leimbach,~S., and Andreae,~M O.: Reduced sulfur compound exchange between the atmosphere and tropical tree species in Southern Cameroon, Biogeochemistry, 23, 23–45, 1993.
Kesselmeier,~J., Schäfer,~L., Ciccioli,~P., Brancaleoni,~E., Cecinato,~A., Frattoni,~M., Foster,~P., Jacob,~V., Denis,~J., Fugit,~J L., Dutaur,~L., and Torres,~L.: Emission of monoterpenes and isoprene from a~Mediterranean oak species \textitQuercus ilex~L. measured within the BEMA (Biogenic Emissions in the Mediterranean Area) project, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1841–1850, 1996.
Kesselmeier,~J. and Staudt,~M.: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC): an overview on emission, physiology and ecology, J Atmos. Chem., 33, 23–88, 1999.
Kesselmeier,~J., Kuhn,~U., Rottenberger,~S., Biesenthal,~T., Wolf,~A., Schebeske,~G., Andreae,~M O., Ciccioli,~P., Brancaleoni,~E., Frattoni,~M., Oliva,~S T., Botelho,~M L., Silva,~C M A., and Tavares,~T M.: Concentrations and species composition of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) as observed during the wet and dry season in Rondônia (Amazonia), J Geophys. Res., 107, 8053, 2002.
Kuhn,~U., Dindorf,~T., Ammann,~C., Rottenberger,~S., Guyon,~P., Holzinger,~R., Ausma,~S., Kenntner,~T., Helleis,~F., and Kesselmeier,~J.: Design and field application of an automated cartridge sampler for VOC concentration and flux measurements, J Environ. Monitor, 7, 568–76, 2005.
Kunert,~M., Biedermann,~A., Koch,~T., and Boland,~W.: Ultrafast sampling and analysis of plant volatiles by a~hand-held miniaturised GC with pre-concentration unit: kinetic and quantitative aspects of plant volatile production,~J Sep. Sci., 25, 677–684, 2002.
Lammertyn,~J., Veraverbeke,~E A., and Irudayaraj,~J.: zNoseTM technology for the classification of honey based on rapid aroma profiling, Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem., 98, 54–62, 2004.
Li,~Z., Wang,~N., Raghavan,~G V., and Vigneault,~C.: Ripeness and rot evaluation of \qutTommy Atkins mango fruit through volatiles detection, J Food Eng., 91, 319–324, 2009.
Lough,~W J. and Wainer,~I W.: Chirality in Natural and Applied Science, CRC Press, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2002.
Mani,~V.: Properties of commercial SPME coatings, in: Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction, edited by: Pawliszyn,~J., The Royal Society of chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 57–108, 1999.
Müller,~J F.: Geographical distribution and seasonal variation of surface emissions and deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases, J Geophys. Res., 97, 3787–3804, 1992.
Oh,~S Y., Ko,~J W., Jeong,~S.-Y., and Hong,~J.: Application and exploration of fast gas chromatography-surface acoustic wave sensor to the analysis of thymus species, J Chromatogr A, 1205, 117–127, 2008.
Pollmann,~J., Ortega,~J., and Helmig,~D.: Analysis of atmospheric sesquiterpenes: sampling losses and mitigation of ozone interference, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 9620–9629, 2005.
Schäfer,~L., Kesselmeier,~J., and Helas,~G.: Formic and acetic acid emission from conifers measured with a~\qutcuvette technic, in: CeC Air Pollution Research 39: Field Measurements and Interpretation of Species Related to Photooxidants and Acid Deposition, edited by: Angeletti,~G., Beilke,~S., and Slanina,~J., Eur. Comm., Brussels, 319–323, 1992.
Schwartzberg,~E., Kunert,~G., Stephan,~C., David,~A., Röse,~U., Gershenzon,~J., Boland,~W., and Weisser,~W.: Real-time analysis of alarm pheromone emission by the pea aphid (\textitAcyrthosiphon pisum) under predation, J Chem. Ecol., 34, 76–81, 2008.
Staples,~E. and Viswanathan,~S.: Ultrahigh-speed chromatography and virtual chemical sensors for detecting explosives and chemical warfare agents, IEEE Sens J., 5, 622–631, 2005.
Staudt,~M., Mandl,~N., Joffre,~R., and Rambal,~S.: Intraspecific variability of monoterpene composition emitted by \textitQuercus ilex leaves, Can J. Forest Res., 31, 174–180, 2001.
Stokes,~G Y., Chen,~E H., Buchbinder,~A M., Paxton,~W F., Keeley,~A., and Geiger,~F M.: Atmospheric heterogeneous stereochemistry, J Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 13733–13737, 2009.
Williams,~J.: Organic trace gases: an overview, Environ. Chem., 1, 125–136, 2004.
Williams,~J., Yassaa,~N., Bartenbach,~S., and Lelieveld,~J.: Mirror image hydrocarbons from Tropical and Boreal forests, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 973–980, \doi10.5194/acp-7-973-2007, 2007.
Unsicker,~S B., Kunert,~G., and Gershenzon,~J.: Protective perfumes: the role of vegetative volatiles in plant defense against herbivores, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 12, 479–485, 2009.
Yassaa,~N., Meklati, B Y., and Cecinato,~A.: Evaluation of monoterpenic biogenic volatile organic compounds in ambient air around \textitEucalyptus globulus, \textitPinus halepensis and \textitCedrus atlantica trees growing in Algiers city area by chiral and achiral capillary gas chromatography, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2809–2816, 2000.
Yassaa,~N., Brancaleoni,~E., Frattoni,~M., and Ciccioli,~P.: Trace level determination of enantiomeric monoterpenes in terrestrial plant emission and in the atmosphere using a~$\beta $-cyclodextrin capillary column coupled with thermal desorption and mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 915, 185–197, 2001.
Yassaa,~N. and Williams,~J.: Analysis of enantiomeric and non-enantiomeric monoterpenes in plant emissions using portable dynamic air sampling/solid-phase microextraction (PDAS-SPME) and chiral gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Atmos. Environ., 39, 4875–4884, 2005.
Yassaa,~N. and Williams,~J.: Enantiomeric monoterpene emissions from natural and damaged Scots pine in a~boreal coniferous forest measured using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 1141, 138–144, 2007.