Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net 1867-8610 3 3 2010 10.5194/amtd-3-1971-2010 http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/1971/2010/ http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/1971/2010/amtd-3-1971-2010.html http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/1971/2010/amtd-3-1971-2010.pdf 1971 2012 2010-05-03 Accounting for surface reflectance anisotropy in satellite retrievals of tropospheric NO₂ Y. Zhou D. Brunner dominik.brunner@empa.ch R. J. D. Spurr K. F. Boersma M. Sneep C. Popp B. Buchmann Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Research and Testing, Dübendorf, Switzerland RT solutions Inc., 9 Channing St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands Surface reflectance is a key parameter in satellite trace gas retrievals in the UV/visible range and in particular for the retrieval of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) vertical tropospheric columns (VTCs). Current operational retrievals rely on coarse-resolution reflectance data and do not account for the generally anisotropic properties of surface reflectance. Here we present a NO₂ VTC retrieval that uses MODIS bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data at high temporal (8 days) and spatial (1 km×1 km) resolution in combination with the LIDORT radiative transfer model to account for the dependence of surface reflectance on viewing and illumination geometry. The method was applied to two years of NO₂ observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) over Europe. Due to its wide swath, OMI is particularly sensitive to BRDF effects. Using representative BRDF parameters for various land surfaces, we found that in July (low solar zenith angles) and November (high solar zenith angles) and for typical viewing geometries of OMI, differences between MODIS black-sky albedos and surface bi-directional reflectances are of the order of 0–10% and 0–40%, respectively, depending on the position of the OMI pixel within the swath. In the retrieval, black-sky albedo was treated as a Lambertian (isotropic) reflectance, while for BRDF effects we used the kernel-based approach in the MODIS BRDF product. Air Mass Factors were computed using the LIDORT radiative transfer model based on these surface reflectance conditions. Differences in NO₂ VTCs based on the Lambertian and BRDF approaches were found to be of the order of 0–3% in July and 0–20% in November with the extreme values found at large viewing angles. 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