<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/inc/amtd/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<eissn>1867-8610</eissn>
		<volume_number>3</volume_number>
		<issue_number>2</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2010</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/amtd-3-1303-2010</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/1303/2010/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/1303/2010/amtd-3-1303-2010.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/3/1303/2010/amtd-3-1303-2010.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>1303</start_page>
	<end_page>1321</end_page>
	<publication_date>2010-03-29</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Investigation of the accuracy for single scattering albedo retrieval from global UV irradiance measurements</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>S. Kazadzis</name>
			<email>kazadzis@meteo.noa.gr</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="2">
			<name>J. Gröbner</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="3">
			<name>A. Arola</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="4">
			<name>V. Amiridis</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Greece</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio Unit, Finland</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="4" content_type="html">Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Greece</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">Retrieval of aerosol optical absorption properties in the UV spectral range
such as single scattering albedo (SSA), using remote sensing techniques, is
currently an open scientific issue. We investigate the limitations on
calculating columnar SSA using a combination of global UV spectral
measurements (that are comon in various UV monitoring stations worldwide) in
combination with radiative transfer modeling. To point out the difficulties
in such retrieval we have used the travelling reference spectroradiometer
(QASUME) results from 27 visits to UV monitoring stations around Europe,
using the QASUME instrument as relative reference, analyzing absolute
differences and also temporal and spectral deviations of UV irraidances,
that are used as basic input for the SSA retrieval.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The results comparing the mean SSA derived by all instruments, measuring
synchronous UV spectra, showed that 5 were within &amp;plusmn;0.02 difference from
the SSA calculated from the QASUME instrument, while 17 were within &amp;plusmn;0.04,
for the Solar zenith angle of 60 degrees. As for the uncertainty that
has been calculated using the 2&amp;sigma; standard deviation of the spectral
measurements, a mean 0.072 and 0.10 (2&amp;sigma;) uncertainties have been
calculated for 60&amp;deg; and 30&amp;deg; respectively. Based on such results we
show that only very few instruments could be able to detect long term SSA
changes. However, such measurements/results are useful in order to retrieve
SSA at UV wavelengths, a product needed for various applications such as,
inputs for modeling radiative forcing studies and satellite retrieval
algorithms.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text"> Arola, S. Kazadzis, S., Lindfors, A., Krotkov, N., Kujanpaa, J., Tamminen, J., Bais, A., di Sarra, A., Villaplana, J. M., Brogniez, C., Siani, A. M., Janouch, M., Weihs, P., Koskela, T., Kouremeti, N., Meloni, D., Buchard, V., Auriol, F., Ialongo, I., Staneck, M., Simic, S., Webb, A., Smedley, A., and Kinne, S.: A new approach to correct for absorbing aerosols in OMI UV: a preliminary evaluation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L22805, doi:10.1029/2009GL041137, 2009 </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text"> Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts (AAPCI): Synthesis and Assessment Product Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, edited by: Chin, M., Kahn, R., Remer, L., Yu, H., Rind, D., Feingold, G., Quinn, P., Schwartz, S., Streets, D., Halthore, R., 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text"> Bergstrom, R. W., Pilewskie, P., Russell, P. B., Redemann, J., Bond, T. C., Quinn, P. K., and Sierau, B.: Spectral absorption properties of atmospheric aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5937–5943, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text"> Bais, A. F., Gardiner, B. G., Slaper, H., Blumthaler, M., Bernhard, G., McKenzie, R., Webb, A. R., Seckmeyer, G., Kjeldstad, B., Koskela, T., Kirsch, P., Gröbner, J., Kerr, J. B., Kazadzis, S., Leszczynski, K., Wardle, D., Brogniez, C., Josefsson, W., Gillotay, D., Reinen, H., Weihs, P., Svenoe, T., Eriksen, P., Kuik, F., and Redondas, A.: &quot;SUSPEN intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers&quot;, J. Geophys. Res, 106, 12509–12526, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text"> Bais, A.: &quot;Spectrometers: operational errors and uncertainties&quot;, in: Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Modeling, Measurements and Effects, edited by: Zerefos, C. S. and Bais, A. F., Vol. 52 of NATO ASI Series I, Global Environmental Change, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 163–173, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text"> Bais, A. F., Kazantzidis, A., Kazadzis, S., Balis, D. S., Zerefos, C. S., and Meleti, C.: Deriving an effective aerosol single scattering albedo from spectral surface UV irradiance measurements, Atmos. Environ., 39(6), 1093–1102, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text"> Bais, A. F., Blumthaler, M., Webb, A., Seckmeyer, G., Thiel, S., Kazadzis, S., Redondas, A., Kift, R., Kouremeti, N., Schallhart, B., Schmitt, R., Pisulla, D., Diaz, J. P., Garcia, O., Diaz Rodriguez, A. M., and Smedley, A.: Intercomparison of solar UV direct irradiance spectral measurements at Izana in June 2005, in: Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects V, edited by: Bernhard, G., Slusser, J. R., Herman, J. R. and Gao, W., Proc. SPIE, 5886, San Diego, USA, 31 July–4 August 2005, 1–10, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text"> Bernhard, G. and Seckmeyer, G.: Uncertainty of measurements of spectral solar UV irradiance, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 14321–14345, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text"> Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley Jr., J. A., Hansen, J. E., and Hofmann, D. J.: Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423–430, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text"> Corr, C. A., Krotkov, N., Madronich, S., Slusser, J. R., Holben, B., Gao, W., Flynn, J., Lefer, B., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Retrieval of aerosol single scattering albedo at ultraviolet wavelengths at the T1 site during MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5813–5827, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text"> Dubovik, O., Holben, B., Eck, T. F., Smirnov, A., Kaufman, Y. J., King, M. D., Tanré, D., and Slutsker, I.: Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide locations, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 590–608, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text"> Gröbner, J., Kazadzis, S., Schreder, J., Bais, A. F., Blumthaler, M., Görts, P., Koskela, T., Seckmeyer, G., Webb, A. R., and Wuttke, S.: Quality assurance of spectral ultraviolet measurements in Europe through the development of a transportable unit (QASUME) – Report of site visits, Round 2002 EUR 20991 EN European Commission, 2003a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text"> Gröbner, J., Schreder, J., Kazadzis, S., et al.: Quality assurance of spectral ultraviolet measurements in Europe through the development of a transportable unit (QASUME) – Report of site visits, Round 2003 EUR 20992 EN European Commission, 2003b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text"> Gröbner, J. and Meleti, C.: Aerosol optical depth in the UVB and visible wavelength range from Brewer spectrophotometer direct irradiance measurements: 1991–2002, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D09202, doi:10.1029/2003JD004409, 2004a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text"> Gröbner, J., Schreder, J., Kazadzis, S., et al.: Quality assurance of spectral ultraviolet measurements in Europe through the development of a transportable unit (QASUME) – Report of site visits, Round 2004 EUR 21398 EN European Commission, 2004b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text"> Grobner J., Schreder, J., Kazadzis, S., Bais, A. F., Blumthaler, M., Gorts, P., Tax, R., Koskela, T., Seckmeyer, G., and Webb, A. R.: A travelling reference spectroradiometer for routine quality assurance of spectral solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements, Appl. Optics, 44(25), 5321–5331, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text"> Gröbner J., Blumthaler, M., Kazadzis, S., Bais, A., Webb, A., Schreder, J., Seckmeyer, G., and Rembges, D.: Quality Assurance of spectral solar UV measurements: results from 25 UV monitoring sites in Europe, 2002 to 2004, Metrologia, 43, 66–71, doi:10.1088/0026-1394/43/2/S14, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text"> Hatzianastassiou, N., Matsoukas, C., Drakakis, E., Stackhouse Jr., P. W., Koepke, P., Fotiadi, A., Pavlakis, K. G., and Vardavas, I.: The direct effect of aerosols on solar radiation based on satellite observations, reanalysis datasets, and spectral aerosol optical properties from Global Aerosol Data Set (GADS), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2585–2599, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text"> Ialongo, I., Buchard, V., Brogniez, C., Casale, G. R., and Siani, A. M.: Aerosol Single Scattering Albedo retrieval in the UV range: an application to OMI satellite validation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 331–340, 2010. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text"> IPCC 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996~pp., 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text"> Kassianov, E. I., Barnard, J. C., and Ackerman, T. P.: Retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties using surface Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) data: Modeling and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D09201, doi:10.1029/2004JD005337, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text"> Kazadzis, S., Kouremeti, N., Bais, A., Kazantzidis, A., and Meleti, C.: Aerosol forcing efficiency in the UVA region from spectral solar irradiance measurements at an urban environment, Ann. Geophys., 27, 2515–2522, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text"> Krotkov, N., Bhartia, P. K., Herman, J., Slusser, J., Labow, G., Scott, G., Janson, G., Eck, T. F., and Holben, B.: Aerosol ultraviolet absorption experiment (2002 to 2004), part 1: ultraviolet multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer calibration and intercomparison with CIMEL sunphotometers, Opt. Eng., 44, 041001, doi:10.1117/1.1886818, 2005a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text"> Krotkov, N., Bhartia, P. K., Herman, J., Slusser, J., Scott, G., Labow, G., Vasilkov, A. P., Eck, T. F., Dubovik, O., and Holben, B. N.: Aerosol ultraviolet absorption experiment (2002 to 2004), part 2: absorption optical thickness, refractive index, and single scattering albedo, Opt. Eng., 44, 041005, doi:10.1117/1.1886819, 2005b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text"> Kylling, A., Bais, A. F., Blumthaler, M., Shreder, J., and Zerefos, C. S.: UV irradiances during the PAUR campaign: comparison between measurement and model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D20), 26051–26060, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text"> Mayer, B. and Kylling, A.: Technical note: The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations - description and examples of use, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1855–1877, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text"> Norris, J. R., and Wild, M.: Trends in aerosol radiative effects over China and Japan inferred from observed cloud cover, solar &quot;dimming,&quot; and solar &quot;brightening&quot;, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00D15, doi:10.1029/2008JD011378, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text"> Ohmura, A.: Observed decadal variations in surface solar radiation and their causes, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00D05, doi:10.1029/2008JD011290, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text"> Petters, J. L., Saxena, V. K., Slusser, J. R., Wenny, B. N., and Madronich, S., Aerosol single scattering albedo retrieved from measurements of surface UV irradiance and a radiative transfer model, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D9), 4288, doi:10.1029/2002JD002360, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text"> Rosenfeld, D. and Lensky, I. M.: Satellite-Based Insights into Precipitation Formation Processes in Continental and Maritime Convective Clouds, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(11), 2457–2476, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text"> Ruckstuhl, C. and Norris, J. R.: How do aerosol histories affect solar &quot;dimming&quot; and &quot;brightening&quot; over Europe?: IPCC-AR4 models versus observations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00D04, doi:10.1029/2008JD011066, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text"> Seckmeyer, G., Bais, A., Bernhard, G., Blumthaler, M., Eriksen, P., McKenzie, R. L., Roy, C., and Miyauchi, M.: Instruments to measure solar ultraviolet radiation, part I: spectral instruments WMO-GAW Report Geneva, Switzerland, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="33" content_type="text"> Webb, A. R., Gardiner, B. G., Martin, T. J., Leszcynski, K., Metzdorf, J., and Mohnen, V. A.: Guidelines for site quality control of UV monitoring, WMO-GAW Report No 126, Geneva, Switzerland, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="34" content_type="text"> Webb, A. R., Gardiner, B. G., Leszczynski, K., Mohnen, V., Johnston, P., Harrison, N. and Bigelow, D.: Quality assurance in monitoring solar ultraviolet radiation: state of the art WMO/GAW No. 146 World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="35" content_type="text"> Yu, H., Kaufman, Y. J., Chin, M., Feingold, G., Remer, L. A., Anderson, T. L., Balkanski, Y., Bellouin, N., Boucher, O., Christopher, S., DeCola, P., Kahn, R., Koch, D., Loeb, N., Reddy, M. S., Schulz, M., Takemura, T., and Zhou, M.: A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613–666, 2006. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

